The Eight Stages of Psychosocial
Erik Erikson was a well rounded person. He studied psychoanalysis and received a certificate in that field. Later he became a teacher and had a small practice in child psychoanalysis. He met Sigmund Freud at a party and became a patient of his wife. Sigmund and Erik am sure had a lot to talk about. Erik believed in Freud's theory, but took it a step farther then what Freud did. Erik's theory covered all of life and became known as the Psychosocial crisis stages. Erik went on to write many books and won the Pulitzer Prize and a national Book Award for his book called Gandhi's Truth.
THE STAGES
____NAME AGE
Stage 1 Trust vs. Mistrust Birth to one year
The infant will develop a trust with it's mom and dad and feel like the world is a safe place. An infant that doesn't develop that trust because the mom will show constancy or give the infant an secure feel then the infant will show signs of thinking that world is an unstable place and have fear.
Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt Early childhood Toddler
Having control is the main focus on this. Erik feels that toilet training is the best way to accomplish this. A child feels they control their choice of toys, food and clothing. When a child completes this then he feels a sense of control, secure and confident. Those who don't feel a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt.
Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt Preschool
Children beginning to take some control and use their power in directing play and interacting with others. A child that has completed this task should become a leader or will have good leader skills. A child that has trouble in this task will likely become one that has issues of doubt and no initiative.
Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority Early school approximately age 5 to 11
Children begin to build their pride in what they do or accomplish though being socially interacting. Children that are driven or encouraged to do good build confidence in their abilities. Children that don't receive that encouragement being to doubt their abilities.
Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion Adolescent
Children begin to develop an independence and direction. Children that are encouraged to do this will come out with strong independence and control. Children that don't get the encouragement will become confused and unsure about themselves.
Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation Young adult
This is when young people begin to explore relationships in their lives. Erikson said that it was important that people develop committed relationships with other people. The ones that are successful at doing this will have relationships that become secure and lasting. The ones that don't develop a committed relationship tend to deal with depression and loneness.
Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation Mid-adult
This is a stage of focusing on our career and family. The ones that accomplish this stage will feel that they contributed to the world and their community. The ones that don't accomplishes this stage will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair Late adult
This stage is about looking back on our past life. The ones that can look back and are proud of their life will feel a sense of accomplishments. The ones that can't look back and feel good about their past life will feel a sense of failure.
Children beginning to take some control and use their power in directing play and interacting with others. A child that has completed this task should become a leader or will have good leader skills. A child that has trouble in this task will likely become one that has issues of doubt and no initiative.
Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority Early school approximately age 5 to 11
Children begin to build their pride in what they do or accomplish though being socially interacting. Children that are driven or encouraged to do good build confidence in their abilities. Children that don't receive that encouragement being to doubt their abilities.
Stage 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion Adolescent
Children begin to develop an independence and direction. Children that are encouraged to do this will come out with strong independence and control. Children that don't get the encouragement will become confused and unsure about themselves.
Stage 6 Intimacy vs. Isolation Young adult
This is when young people begin to explore relationships in their lives. Erikson said that it was important that people develop committed relationships with other people. The ones that are successful at doing this will have relationships that become secure and lasting. The ones that don't develop a committed relationship tend to deal with depression and loneness.Stage 7 Generativity vs. Stagnation Mid-adult
This is a stage of focusing on our career and family. The ones that accomplish this stage will feel that they contributed to the world and their community. The ones that don't accomplishes this stage will feel unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
Stage 8 Integrity vs. Despair Late adult
This stage is about looking back on our past life. The ones that can look back and are proud of their life will feel a sense of accomplishments. The ones that can't look back and feel good about their past life will feel a sense of failure.
